aPriori Cost Model Guide
1 Introduction
2 Direct and Indirect Overhead
Overview
VPE Variables, Machine Properties, and Overhead Costs
Displaying and Overriding Overhead Values
Overhead Costs per Part
Overhead Rates
Annual Direct Overhead
Annual Depreciation
Annual Maintenance
Energy to Run Machine
Annual Supplies
Imputed Interest
Annual Indirect Overhead
Facilities Cost
Support Services Cost
Overhead Formula Reference
3 Root and Site Cost Model Formulas
Fully Burdened Cost
Piece Cost
Other Direct Costs
Amortized Investment
4 Assembly Process Group
Cost Model Overview
General Process
Supported Processes
Assembly Cost Tables
Labor Time and Cycle Time
Labor Time, Cycle Time, and Number of Operators
Overhead
Cycle Time Overrides and Adjustments
Task Parallelism and Robotic Welding
Part Geometry
Materials
Machines
Tooling
Feasibility and Routing
Adhesive Bonding Routing
Lock Bolt Routing
Threaded Insert Routing
Sealing Routings
Rivet Process Routing
Pick and Place Routing
Mechanical Assembly Routing
Welding Routing
Welding Operation Feasibility
Weld Prep Operation Feasibility
Material Selection
Machine Selection
Cost Algorithms and Calculations
Yields
Adhesive Bonding Formulas
Cycle Time Formulas for Adhesive Bonding
Expendable Tooling for Adhesive Bonding
Lock Bolt Formulas
Threaded Insert Formulas
Cap Sealing Formulas
Fay Sealing Formulas
Fillet Sealing Formulas
Rivet Process Formulas
Manual MIG Welding and Robotic MIG Welding
MIG Welding Operation Weld Time
Weld Throat
MIG Welding Weld Weight
Manual MIG Welding Accounting Calculations
Manual MIG Welding Process Cycle Time
Robotic MIG Welding Labor Time
Robotic MIG Welding Accounting Calculations
MIG Welding Expendable Tooling Calculation
Additional Direct Costs for MIG Welding
Manual TIG Welding and Robotic TIG Welding
TIG Welding Operation Weld Time
TIG Welding Weld Weight
Manual TIG Welding Accounting Calculations
Manual TIG Welding Process Cycle Time
Robotic TIG Welding Labor Time
Robotic TIG Welding Accounting Calculations
TIG Welding Expendable Tooling Calculation
Additional Direct Costs for TIG Welding
Manual Spot Welding and Robotic Spot Welding
Spot Welding Operation Cycle Time
Spot Welding Weld Weight
Spot Welding Accounting Calculations
Robotic Spot Welding Process Cycle Time
Manual Spot Welding Process Cycle Time
Spot Welding Expendable Tooling Calculation
Electron Beam Welding Formulas
Process Time
Per-GCD Weld Time
Laser Welding Formulas
Per-GCD Weld Time
Pick and Place Formulas
Assembly Weight
Clamp Operation Cycle Time Calculation
Load Operation Cycle Time Calculation
Reorient Operation Cycle Time Calculation
Pick and Place Accounting Calculations
Process Cycle Time Calculation
Weld Prep Calculations
Bevel Cutting Operation Cycle Time
Grinding Operation Cycle Time
Wire Brushing Operation Cycle Time
Weld Prep Process Accounting
Weld Prep process Cycle Time
Weld Clean Up Calculations
Grinding Operation Cycle Time
Weld Clean Up Process Accounting
Weld Clean Up process Cycle Time
Mechanical Assembly Calculations
Nut Insert Operation Cycle Time
Press Fit Operation Cycle Time
Rivet Operation Cycle Time
Screw Tighten - Manual Operation Cycle Time
Screw Tighten - Power Operation Cycle Time
Snap Fit Operation Cycle Time
Tab Bend Operation Cycle Time
Mechanical Assembly Accounting calculations
Mechanical Assembly Process Cycle Time
User Inputs
Adhesive Bonding Options
Adhesive Resin Type
Bonded Area
Lock Bolt Options
Lock Bolt Obstructed Or Vision
Lock Bolt Collar and Hand Tool Obstructed or Blind
Threaded Insert Options
Threaded Insert Obstructed Or Vision
Tang Break Obstructed Or Vision
Cap Sealing Options
Number of Holes Cap Sealed
Sealant Type
Sealant Price
Time to Cap Seal One Hole
Fay Sealing Options
Bonded Area
Sealant Price
Sealant Type
Fillet Sealing Options
Sealant Type
Sealant Price
Time to Seal per Length
Length of Sealant Required
Rivet Process Options
Riveted Hole Count
Rivet Obstructed Or Vision
Pick and Place Options
Process-level Options
Operation-level Options
Robotic MIG Welding Process-level Options
Enable Tacking
Number of Operators
MIG Welding GCD-level Options
Weld Cycle Time Method
Filler Material Type
Travel Speed
Number of Welding Passes
Gas Type used for Welding
Enable Anti-Spatter Spray
Robotic TIG Welding Process-level Options
Enable Tacking Operation
Number of Operators
TIG Welding GCD-level Options
Weld Cycle Time Method
Assembly Material Type
Assembly Position
Travel Speed
Number of Welding Passes
Gas Type used for Welding
Enable Anti-Spatter Spray
Robotic Spot Welding Options
Electron Beam Welding Options
Is the EB Welding Machine a Load Lock Machine
Number of Parts in the Machine per Cycle
Number of Operators
Time to Load the Assembly
Time to Unload the Assembly
Weld Speed
Laser Welding Options
Number of Parts in the Machine per Cycle
Number of Operators
Time to Load the Assembly
Time to Unload the Assembly
Weld Speed
Mechanical Assembly Options
Nut Insert
Press Fit
Rivet
Screw Tighten - Manual
Screw Tighten - Power
Snap Fit
Tab Bend
Process Defaults and Thresholds
Assembly Welds
Pro Welds
Virtual Welds
Assembly Views
The Assembly Details Tab
Assembly Details Context Menu
A note about Ignore, Hide, and their effect on costing
Configurable Views
The Assembly Tracker Tab
Assembly Machining
5 Assembly Molding
Cost Model Overview for Assembly Molding
Processes for Assembly Molding
Part Geometry for Assembly Molding
Materials for Assembly Molding
Machines for Assembly Molding
Tooling for Assembly Molding
Assumptions and Limitations for Assembly Molding
Geometric Cost Drivers for Assembly Molding
Routing and Feasibility for Assembly Molding
Process Routing for Assembly Molding
Process Feasibility for Insert Injection Molding
Operation Assignment for Insert Pick and Place
Operation Assignment for Insert Injection Molding
Machine Selection for Assembly Molding
Machine Selection for Insert Pick and Place
Machine Selection for Insert Injection Molding
Formulas for Assembly Molding
Insert Pick and Place Process Formulas
Insert Pick and Place Operation Formulas
Insert Injection Molding Formulas
Runner Volume and Runner Area for Assembly Molding
Yields for Assembly Molding
User Inputs for Assembly Molding
Top-Level Setup Options
Minimum Wall Thickness Check
Maximum Wall Thickness Check
Draft Angle Check
Minimum Edge Radius Check
Process-level Insert Pick and Place Options
Manual or Robotic Loading
Number of Operators
Operation-level Insert Pick and Place Options
Base Load Time
Load time multiplier for handling difficulties
Load time multiplier for insertion difficulties
Insert Injection Molding Options
Insert Injection Molding Machine Orientation
Part Eject Method
Vertical Table Configuration
Number of Mold Tools Per Table
Insert Retention Cost
Bar & Tube Fabrication Process Group
Cost Model Overview
Bar & Tube General Process
Process Types
Process Limitations:
Part Geometry
Materials and Stock Forms
Machines
Tooling
Costing Flow
GCD Extraction
Extrusion GCDs
Feasibility and Routing
Process-level Routing
Process-level Feasibility
Extrusion Routing Feasibility
Material Selection
Machine Selection
Machine Selection for Extrusion
Operation-level Feasibility and Routing
Cost Algorithms and Calculations
Yields for Bar & Tube Fabrication
Material Cost and Utilization
Batch Setup
Band Saw, Circular Saw, Reciprocating Saw
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Tube Laser
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Punching
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Bar Bend Brake
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Compression Bending
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Rotary Draw Bending
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Forming
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Laser Cut, Oxy Fuel Cut, Plasma Cut
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Shear
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Roll Bending (2-, 3-, and 4-roll)
Routing
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation (2-Roll Bending)
Cycle Time Calculation (3- and 4-Roll Bending)
3-Roller Bending (deprecated)
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Extrusion
Material Cost and Utilization
Cycle Time
Maximum Acceptable Ram Speed
Reduced Max Ram Speed
Number of Die Cavities
Maximum Number of Die Cavities
Part Complexity Reduction Factor
Class Complexity Score
Tongue Complexity Score
Critical Tongue Ratio
Critical Tongue Depth
Quench Speed Reduction Factor
Billet Size and Parts per Billet
Hard Tooling Cost
Billet Preheat
Die Preheat
User Inputs
Bar & Tube Fabrication Node Options
Enable Scrap Material Credit
Enable Scrap Part Credit
Punching Strategy for Generic Extrusions
Other Setup Options
Extrusion Setup Options
Billet Length
Number of Cavities in Die
Ram Speed
Quench Type
Weld Scrap Included
Process Group Site Variables
Tube Recognition
Extrusion Recognition
Process Defaults and Thresholds
Material Utilization
Band Saw, Circular Saw, Reciprocating Saw
Tube Laser
Punching
Roll Bending
6 Casting--Die Process Group
Die Casting Cost Model Overview
Die Casting General Process
Part Geometry for Die Casting
Materials for Die Casting
Machines for Die Casting
Tooling for Die Casting
GCD Extraction for Die Casting
Slide Bundles for Die casting
Feasibility and Routing for Die Casting
Die Casting Process-level Routing
High Pressure Die Casting Operation-level Feasibility
Gravity Die Casting Operation-level Feasibility
Material Selection for Die Casting
Machine Feasibility and Selection for Die Casting
Melting Machine Selection
Molding Machine Selection
Cleaning Machine Selection
Trim Machine Selection
Coremaking Machine Selection
Refractory Coat Oven Dry Machine Selection
Cost Algorithms and Calculations for Die Casting
Yields For Die Casting
Material Cost and Utilization for Die Casting
Labor and Setup Costs for Die Casting
Gating System Model for Die Casting
Gating System Formulas for High Pressure Die Casting
Gating System Formulas for Gravity Die Casting
Melting Formulas for Die Casting
Cleaning Formulas for Die Casting
Finishing Formulas for Die Casting
Visual Inspection Formulas for Die Casting
Design Complexity Factor
High Pressure Die Casting and Gravity Die Casting Process Formulas
Cycle Time
Trim Formulas for Die Casting
Core Refractory Coating for Die Casting
Refractory Coat Oven Dry for Die Casting
Core Bounding Box Dimensions
Refractory Coat Air Dry for Die Casting
Required Clamp Force
Coremaking for Die Casting
Number of Mold Cavities for Die Casting
Tooling Cost for Die Casting
Tool Life for Die Casting
Mold Material Costs for Die Casting
Mold Labor Costs for Die Casting
Mold Services Costs
Tooling Reports
User Inputs for Die Casting
Casting - Die Node Inputs
Melting Process Inputs
High Pressure and Gravity Die Casting Process Inputs
Trim Process Inputs
Base Tool Material
Width of Addendum Added to Die Shoe [per side]
Part Height Allowance
Minimum Part Height Plus Allowance
Post Height Multiplier
Freight Cost
Total Gage Cost
Heat Treat of Die Components
Plating of Die Components
Total Welding Cost
Total Carrying Cost
Refractory Coating Process Inputs for Die Casting
Refractory Coating Included
Application Method
Number of Coating Applications
Number of Operators
Refractory Coating Preparation Time
Oven Dry and Cool Time
Air Dry and Cool Time
Setup Time for the Oven
Setup Time for Air Drying
Labor Handling Number of Operators
Finishing Process Input
Design-to-cost Configuration for Die Casting
Material Issues: Wall Thickness Thresholds
Draft Issues: Draft Angle Thresholds
Radius Issues: Edge Radius Thresholds
Proximity Issues: Hole Proximity Issues
Hole Issues: Maximum Hole Depth
Hole Issues: Minimum Hole Diameter
Tolerance Grade and Roughness Ranges
7 Casting--Sand Process Group
Sand Casting Cost Model Overview
Sand Casting General Process
Part Geometry for Sand Casting
Materials for Sand Casting
Machines for Sand Casting
Tooling for Sand Casting
GCD Extraction for Sand Casting
Feasibility and Routing for Sand Casting
Sand Casting Process-level Routing
Sand Casting Process-level Feasibility
Coremaking Feasibility and Routing for Sand Casting
How aPriori Chooses a Coremaking Method
Coremaking Feasibility
Stock Core Feasibility
Feasibility for Coremaking Except Stock Core
Sand Casting Operation-level Feasibility
Material Selection for Sand Casting
Machine Feasibility and Selection for Sand Casting
Molding Machine Selection
Shakeout Machine Selection
Degating Machine Selection
Cleaning Machine Selection
Finishing Machine Selection
Coremaking Machine Selection
Refractory Coat Oven Dry Machine Selection
Cost Algorithms and Calculations for Sand Casting
Yields for Sand Casting
Material Cost and Utilization for Sand Casting
Labor and Setup Costs for Sand Casting
Melting Formulas for Sand Casting
Degating Formulas
Cleaning Formulas
Finishing Formulas
Visual Inspection Formulas
Cope Height
Design Complexity Factor
Gating System Model
Gating System Components
Vertical and Horizontal Systems
Choke, Sprue, Runner, and Ingate Area Ratios
Pouring Time and Choke Area
Gating System Formulas for Sand Casting
Mold Making Formulas
Coremaking—All Except Stock Core
Coremaking--Stock Core
Mold Refractory Coat
Core Refractory Coat for Sand Casting
Refractory Coat Oven Dry for Sand Casting
Mold and Core Bounding Box Dimensions
Refractory Coat Air Dry for Sand Casting
Pour Formulas
Cool Formulas
Shakeout Formulas
Required Clamp Force
Number of Mold Cavities
Tooling Cost for Sand Casting
Sand Casting Tooling—Mold Making
Sand Casting Tooling—Core Making
User Inputs for Sand Casting
Top-level Sand Casting Setup Options
Melting Setup Options
Coremaking Setup Options
Moldmaking Setup Options
Pour Setup Options
Shakeout Setup Options
Number of Parts on Shakeout Table
Cleaning Setup Options
Number of Blasted Parts
Refractory Coating Setup Options for Sand Casting
Number of Coating Applications
Application Method
Number of Operators
Refractory Coating Preparation Time
Refractory Coating Included
Application Method
Number of Coating Applications
Number of Operators
Refractory Coating Preparation Time
Oven Dry and Cool Time
Air Dry and Cool Time
Setup Time for the Oven
Setup Time for Air Drying
Labor Handling Number of Operators
Finishing Setup Options
Process Defaults and Thresholds for Sand Casting
Customizing the Number of Core Segments
Material Utilization Variable
Design Complexity Variables
Hole Feasibility Variable
Machine Selection Variable
Melting Variable
Moldmaking Variables
Coremaking Variables
Gating System Variables
Refractory Coating Variables
Visual Inspection Variables
Design-to-cost Configuration for Sand Casting
Material Issues: Wall Thickness Thresholds
Draft Issues: Draft Angle Thresholds
Radius Issues: Edge Radius Thresholds
Proximity Issues: Hole Proximity Issues
Hole Issues: Maximum Hole Depth
Hole Issues: Minimum Hole Diameter
Tolerance Grade and Roughness Ranges
8 Composites Process Group
Composites Cost Model Overview
Composites General Process
Part Geometry for Composites
Materials for Composites
Machines for Composites
Tooling for Composites
GCD Extraction for Composites
Component GCD
Ply GCD
Core GCD
Routing and Feasibility for Composites
Ply Layup
Tool Clean
Secondary Processes
Machine Selection for Composites
Ultrasonic Cut Machine Selection
Machine Selection for Mold Preparation, Hand Layup, and Bench Operation
Tool Clean Machine Selection
Automated Fiber Placement Machine Selection
Automated Tape Layup Machine Selection
Autoclave Cure Machine Selection
Cost Algorithms and Calculations for Composites
Labor-dependent and Labor-independent Tasks
Yields for Composites
Ultrasonic Cut Process
Ultrasonic Cutting Operation
Mold Preparation Process
Applying Mold Release Operation
Curing Mold Release Operation
Applying Tool Tack Operation
Curing Tool Tack Operation
Hand Layup Process
Ply Placing Operation for Hand Layup
Core Potting Operation for Hand Layup
Core Splicing Operation for Hand Layup
Core Placing Operation for Hand Layup
Debulk Component-level Operation
Vacuum Bag Process
Tool Length, Width, and Area
Remove Vacuum Bag Component-level Operation
Final Vacuum Bag Process
Vacuum Bag Drop Test Component-level Operation
Attach Thermocouples Component-level Operation
Automated Tape Layup Process
Ply Placing Operation for Automated Tape Layup
Automated Fiber Placement Process
Ply Placing Operation for Automated Fiber Placement
Ply Deformation Level
Autoclave Cure Process
Bench Operation Process
Inspecting Component-level Operation
Tool Breakdown Component-level Operation
Tool Clean Process
Manual Tool Cleaning Operation
Cryogenic Tool Cleaning Operation
Laser Tool Cleaning Operation
Overhead Calculations for Composites
User Inputs for Composites
Composites Node Option
Number of Thermocouples
Ultrasonic Cut Options
Raw Material Stack Count
Cut Rate Override
Number of Operators
Mold Preparation Options
Number of Mold Release Agent Coats
Mold Release Agent
Number of Operators
Hand Layup Options
Number of Ply Sequences Before First Debulk
Number of Ply Sequences Per Debulk Cycle
Number of Operators
Layup Tool Cost Override
Layup Tool Material
Number of Holes Potted in Honeycomb Core
Total Length of Honeycomb Core Splicing
Part Rough Mass
Automated Tape Layup Options
Layup Tool Cost Override
Layup Tool Material
Automated Tape Layup Machine Programming Cost
Number of Operators
Part Rough Mass
Automated Fiber Placement Options
Layup Tool Cost Override
Layup Tool Material
Automated Fiber Placement Machine Programming Cost
Number of Operators
Number of Active Spools
Part Rough Mass
Autoclave Cure Options
Number of Operators
Shared Autoclave Capacity
Bench Operation Options
Number of Operators
Part Removal Time
9 Forging Process Group
Forging overview
Forging processes
Forging material
Forging material composition
Forging material stocks
Controlling forging stock selection
Forging material utilization
Forging machines
Forging process routings
Forging process setup
Top-level setup options
Material stock setup options
Hammer setup options
Piece press setup options
Trim setup options
Forging costing details
10 Stock Machining and Machining Process Groups
Machining Overview
Material Stock and Utilization
Stock Machining Material Composition
Stock Machining Material Stock Type
Material Stock Alignment and Cross-section Determination
Stock Machining Material Stock Allowances
Stock Machining Material Utilization
Stock Machining Routing and Plate Stock
GCD Extraction
Component GCD
Hole GCD
Parallel Surface Chain GCD
Perimeter GCD
LIES_NEAR Relation
IS_ABOUT Relation
IS_FILLET_OF Relation
CorssSection GCD
Pocket GCD
Pocket Recognition
Pocket Examples
Pocket Properties and Relations
Slot GCD
Standard Slots
Dovetail Slots
Pitch and Yaw
Slot Surfaces
Slot Properties
Geometries Not Recognized as Slots
Slot Site Variables
Routing and Feasibility for Machining
Process Routing and Feasibility for Machining
Routing for Deburr Processes
Machine Selection for Machining
Machine Selection for Milling and Turning
Non-virtual, Non-default Machine Selection for Milling and Turning
Machine Selection for Drilling
Machine Selection for Broaching
Machine Selection for Jig Bore and Jig Grind
Machine Selection for Bench Operation
Machine Selection for Mask Spray
Machine Selection for Mask Cure
Machine Selection for Scribe
Machine Selection for DeMask
Machine Selection for Etch Cell
Determining Machine Expense
Operation Routing and Feasibility for Machining
Surface Milling and Turning Operations
Hole-making and Hole-finishing Operations
Hole Bottom Geometry and Hole Bottom Finishing
Perimeter Milling Operation
Threading Operations
Edge Operations
Keyway Broaching
Boring Enlargement
Back Counterboring
Jig Boring and Jig Grinding
Dovetail Slot Operations
Standard Slot Operations
Deburring Operation Feasibility
Multiple Approach Surface Finishing
Examples: Side Milling/Facing
Examples: Side Milling/Side Milling
Example: Facing/Contouring
Example: Contouring/Contouring
Virtual Machining
Tool Selection for Machining
Diameter Selection
Diameter Selection for Surface Milling
Diameter Selection for Holemaking and and Hole Finishing
Diameter Selection for Pocket Roughing
Diameter Selection for Dovetail Slot Finishing
Diameter Selection for Slot Milling
Tool Width Selection for Groove Milling
Diameter Selection for Slot Rough Milling
Diameter Selection for Stock Trim Roughing
Diameter Selection for Planar Face Facing
PSCs and Perimeters
Diameter Selection for Side Milling
Length to Diameter Ratio Check
Tool Series Selection
Tool Type Selection for Pocket Rough Milling
Tool Type Selection for Standard Slot Milling
Tool Type Selection for Deburring Operations
Number of Edges
Tool Properties
Tool Selection for Keyway Broaching
Cost Algorithms and Calculations for Machining
Feeds and Speeds in the Machining Cost Model
Interpolated and User-specified Feed and Speed
Adjusted Feed and Speed
Feed, Speed, and Cut Time
Operation Cycle Time and Cut Time Calculations
Cycle Time for Machining Operations
Cut Time for Machining Operations
Pecking Cycle Time
Edge Turning Cycle Time
Keyway Broaching Cycle Time
Back Counterboring Cycle Time
Chipmaking Time for Hole Making and Hole Finishing Operations
Chipmaking Time for Surface Finishing Milling Operations
Chipmaking Time for Rough Turning Operations
Chipmaking Time for Finish Turning Operations
Chipmaking Time for Finish Dovetail Milling
Chipmaking Time for Slot Milling
Chipmaking Time for Groove Milling
Chipmaking Time for Slot Rough Milling
Chipmaking Time for Surface Rough Milling
Chipmaking Time for Pocket Rough Milling
Chipmaking Time for Bulk Milling
Chipmaking Time for Threading Operations
Tool Axis Speed
Setup Operation Times and Costs
Chemical Milling Formulas
Bench Operation Formulas
Mask Spray Formulas
Mask Cure Formulas
Scribe Formulas
Etch Cell Formulas
DeMask Formulas
Batch Setup Time
Process Cycle Time
Expendable Tooling Costs
User Inputs for Machining
Machining Node Process Setup Options
Stock Machining Node Process Setup Option
Machining Process-level Options
Surface Finishing Milling Options
Hole Making Options
Rough Turning Options
Finish Turning Options
Edge Finishing Option
Deburring Options
Setup Time per Part
Number of Deburring Setups per Part
Default Edge Deburr Tool Type
Default Surface Deburr Tool Type
Process Material Feed Rate
Include Automated Surface Deburr
Include Manual Surface Deburr
Number of Edges
Deburr Tool Type
Material Feed Rate
Length of Edge Being Deburred
Travel Path Length Being Deburred
Number of Deburr Passes
Number of Operations
Threading Options
Surface Rough Milling Options
Pocket Rough Milling Options
Slot Milling Options
Tool Diameter
Requested Number of Axial Passes
Feed per Tooth
Requested Num Teeth
Tool Cutting Speed
Axial Cut Depth
Groove Milling Options
Requested Tool Width
Requested Number of Axial Passes
Tool Diameter
Requested Number of Radial Passes
Feed per Tooth
Requested Num Teeth
Tool Cutting Speed
Radial Cut Depth
Slot Rough Milling Options
Material Removal Rate
Tool Diameter
Tool Cutting Speed
Number of Teeth
Feed per Tooth
Axial Cut Depth
Radial Cut Depth
Dovetail Finishing Options
Bulk Milling Options
Keyway Broaching Options
Chemical Milling Options
Bench Operation Options
Mask Spray Options
Mask Cure Options
Scribe Option
Etch Cell Options
Setup Operation Options
Material Stock Options
Design-to-cost Configuration for Machining
Standard Drilling Tool Diameters
Standard Filleting Tool Diameters
Tolerance Grade and Roughness Ranges
Semi-automated Costing
Semi-automated Costing
Diagnostic Information
Workflow
Achieving Full Costing
Working with Features to Review
Working with the Heat Map (Geometry Analysis)
Modifying Machining Operation Assignments
Explicitly Assigning Operations to GCDs
Manually Assigned Operations
Undercut Milling
Chamfer Milling
Mill Grooving
No Cost Feature
Working with Gears, Splines, Sprockets, and Flutes
Defining AxiGrooves
Overriding AxiGroove Properties
Using the Gear Definition Dialog
Gear Type
Number of Teeth
PitchDiameter/Tooth Size Radio Buttons
Module
Pitch Diameter
Face width
Pressure Angle
Cone Angle
Helix Angle
Hand of Helix
Spiral Angle
Hand of Spiral
Whole Depth
Quality System
Quality Level
Max Diameter
Min Diameter
AxiGroove Geometric Properties
Process and Operation Routing and Feasibility for Gears
Site Variables for Gears
Disabling and Enabling AxiGroove Extraction
Controlling What Gets Recognized as an AxiGroove
Additional Site Variables
Cost Model Variables for Gears
Setup Options for Gears
Hob Machine and Shaver
Bevel Gear Cutting Machine
Broach
Hob Machine
Profile Gear Grinder
Shaper
Shaver
Spline Roller
Threaded Wheel Gear Grinder
3-Axis Mill
Working with Part Setups and SetupAxis GCDs
Setup Operations
Setup Axis GCDs
Tool Orientations
Part Orientations
Principal Setup Axes
Overriding Principal Setup Axes
Rotational Setup Axes
System-activated and User-activated Setup Axes
Activating Setup Axes
Turning Axes
System-created Turning Axes
User-defined Turning Axes
Limiting Turning Axes
Displaying Setups, Associated Operations, and GCDs
Setup Axes and Operation Feasibility
GCD Accessibility and Tool Orientations
GCD Accessibility and Setup Axes
Non-rotational Setup Axes for 3- and 4-Axis Mill
Rotational Setup Axes for 4-Axis Mill
Setup Axes for 5-Axis Mill
Turning Axes for 3-Axis Lathe
Operation Assignment for Machining
3-Axis Mill
Parallel Surface Chain
Planar Face
Curved Wall
Curved Surface
Simple Hole
4-Axis Mill
Planar Face
Curved Wall
Curved Surface
Simple Hole
5-Axis Mill
Planar Face
Curved Wall
Curved Surface
Simple Hole
2-AxisLathe
3-AxisLathe
Planar Face
Curved Wall
Curved Surface
Simple Hole
Mill Turn
Planar Face
Curved Wall
Curved Surface
Simple Hole
11 2-Model Machining Process Group
Cost Model Overview
2-Model Quick Start
Benefits of 2-Model Machining
A note about part alignment
A 2-Model Machining example
Cost the input source model
Cost the finished model
Transitioning to 2-Model
2-Model GCDs
Source model GCD
Flat GCD
GCD property “Is Stock Surface”
12 Sheet Metal—Hard Tooled
Cost Model Overview for Hard Tooled Sheet Metal
Hard Tooled Sheet Metal General Process
Stage Tooling
Tandem Die
Progressive Die
Standard Press
Transfer Die
Part Geometry for Hard Tooled Sheet Metal
Materials and Stock Forms for Hard Tooled Sheet Metal
Material Utilization and Part Nesting for Hard Tooled Sheet Metal
Machines for Hard Tooled Sheet Metal
Tooling for Hard Tooled Sheet Metal
Customizing Tooling Costs for Hard Tooled Sheet Metal
Tooling Details for Hard Tooled Sheet Metal
Tool Life for Sheet Metal
GCD Extraction for Hard Tooled Sheet Metal
Blank GCD for Hard Tooled Sheet Metal
Blank SER/SWER Lenth and Width Versus Blank Pitch and Coil Width
Flattening for Hard-tooled Sheet Metal
Main Surface for Hard Tooled Sheet Metal
LIES_OUTSIDE Relation for Hard Tooled Sheet Metal
Peninsular Ratio Property for Hard Tooled Sheet Metal
Cam Bundling for Hard Tooled Sheet Metal
Surface-only CAD Models for Sheet Metal
Routing and Feasibility for Hard Tooled Sheet Metal
Sheet Metal Process Routings
Operation-level Feasibility and Routing for Progressive Die
Blank
StraightBend
Form
SimpleHole
ComplexHole
How aPriori Groups Operations onto Die Stations
Compatibility Rules
Precedence Rules
Idle Station Rules
User Inputs for Hard Tooled Sheet Metal
Progressive die process setup
Number of Parts Stamped Concurrently
Blank XY Orientation within Part Strip
Pierce Before or After Forms
Press Carrier Strip Type
Single Edge Carrier Strip Width
Double Edge Carrier Strip Width
Press French Stop
Blank Pitch
Coil Width
Width of Addendum Added to Blank Size [per side]
Trim Strip Length for Center Carrier Strip Type
Edge Margin Width
Part Spacing Width
Heat Treat of Die Components
Plating of Die Components
Base Tool Material
Stamp Assembly Qty
Number of 150, 300, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 Series Cam Units
Freight Cost
Total Carrying Cost
Total Gage Cost
Total Welding Cost
Add IDLE Station Before CUTOFF Station
Add IDLE Station Following TRIMMING Station if Blank Pitch is Less Than This
Maximum Strip Width
Minimum Strip Width
Enable SCORING Operations for Bends
Enable COINING Operations for SimpleHoles
Enable SHAVING Operatoins for SimpleHoles
Enable Restriking Operation for Straight and Curved Bends
Enable Standalone Piloting Operation
Set Number of Trimming Operations
Enable In Die TAPPING operations
Add Idle Station Before After Tapping
Add Idle Station After Trimming
Add Idle Station After Cam Forming
Add Idle Station After Cam Trimming
Add Idle Station After Cam Bending
Add Idle Station After Cam Piercing
Number of Shear Planes
Tandem Die Process Setup
Transfer method – robotic or manual
Trim strip applied to material width (per side)
Trim strip applied to material length (per side)
Number of parts stamped concurrently
Number of parts stamped concurrently - lengthwise
Number of parts stamped concurrently - widthwise
Pierce holes before or after forms
Design-to-cost Configuration for Sheet Metal
13 Sheet Metal--Hydroforming
Cost Model Overview for Hydroforming
General Process for Hydroforming
GCDs for Hydroforming
Material and Stock Forms for Hydroforming
Material Utilization and Part Nesting for Hydroforming
Machines for Hydroforming
Tooling for Hydroforming
GCD Extraction for Hydroforming
Blank GCD
Blank SER/SWER Length and Width Versus Blank Pitch and Coil Width
Flattening for Hydroforming
Xsection GCD
Ram Direction GCD
Overriding the Default Ram Direction
How the Default Ram Direction is Chosen
Main Surface GCD
Form GCD
Creating and Editing Form GCDs
StraightBend GCD
Routing and Feasibility for Hydroforming
Process Routing for Hydroforming
Operation Assignment for Hydroforming
Hydroform Operations
Hole-making Operations
Edge Trimming
Process Feasibility for Hydroforming
Hydroform Feasibility
Fluid Cell Feasibility
Deep Draw Feasibility
Top Tier
Xsection Width
Long Down-bend Flaps
Lowest Tier
Material Stock Selection for Hydroforming
Material Stock Selection for Offline Blanking Routings
Material Stock Selection for Laser Cut and Router Cut Routings
Trim Strip Sizes
Machine Selection for Hydroforming
Hydroform Machine Selection
Machine Feasibility for Hydroform
Required Forming Pressure for Hydroform
Required Punch Force for Hydroform
Important Forms for Hydroforming
Offline Blank Machine Selection
Required Press Force for Offline Blanking
Formulas for Hydroforming
Yields for Hydroforming
Material Cost and Utilization for Hydroforming
Labor and Setup Costs for Hydroforming
Cycle Time for Offline Blanking
Cycle Time for the Hydroform Process
Expendable Tooling Cost for the Hydroform Process
User Inputs for Hydroforming
Sheet Metal – Hydrforming Options
Number of Forming Draws
Enable Scrap Material Credit
Enable Scrap Part Credit
Hydroform Fluid Cell Options
Use Blank Holder
Number of Formed Parts per Tray
Use a Throw Pad
Hydroform Cycles Option
High Strength Material Derate Percentage
Number of Draws Based on Number of Step-like Xsection Groups
Number of Draws Based on Aggregate Width of Important Forms
Coil Material Stock Options
Evaluate Strip Nesting Layout: 1 Out
Evaluate Strip Nesting Layout: 2 Out, Non-interlocking, Mirrored
Evaluate Strip Nesting Layout: 2 Out, Non-interlocking, Rotated
Evaluate Strip Nesting Layout: 2 Out, Interlocking, Mirrored
Evaluate Strip Nesting Layout: 2 Out, Interlocking, Rotate
Blank Pitch
Coil Width
Edge Margin Width
Part Spacing Width
Width of Addendum Added to Blank Size
Interlocking and Non-interlocking Layouts
Sheet Material Stock Options
Part Orientation
Part Spacing (trim around the part) for True-Part Shape Nesting
Part Spacing (trim around the part) for Rectangular Nesting
Grain Direction
Step Angle for True-Part Shape Nesting
Sheet Length Trim Strip—Margin along Material Length
Sheet Width Trim Strip—Margin along Material Width
Addendum Added to Blank Size
Hydroform Options
Tooling Material
Coating of Tooling
Offline Blank Options
Post Height Multiplier
Part Height Allowance
Minimum Part Height Plus Allowance
14 Sheet Metal—Transfer Die
Cost Model Overview for Transfer Die
Transfer Die General Process
Part Geometry for Transfer Die
Materials and Stock Forms for Transfer Die
Material Utilization and Part Nesting for Transfer Die
Machines for Transfer Die
Tooling Overview for Transfer Die
Transfer Die Quick Start
Offline Blanking
Die Station 1: Drawing
Die Station 2: Edge Trimming, Direct Piercing, and Cam Piercing
Edge Trimming
Direct Piercing
Cam Piercing
Die Station 3: Restriking
GCD Extraction for Transfer Die
Blank GCD
Blank SER/SWER Length and Width Versus Blank Pitch and Coil Width
Flattening for Transfer Die
Ram Direction for Transfer Die
Overriding the Default Ram Direction
How the Default Ram Direction is Chosen
Main Surface for Transfer Die
Form GCD
Creating and Editing Forms
Modifying the Subtype of a Form
Cam Bundling for Transfer Die
LIES_NEAR Relation
LIIES_OUTSIDE Relation
Surface-only CAD Models for Transfer Die
Tooling for Transfer Die
Tool Life for Transfer Die
Tooling Bill of Materials for Transfer Die
Customizing Tooling Costs for Transfer Die
Post-form Trimming
Post-emboss Piercing
Cam Trimming and Piercing
Scoring, Tapping, Coining, and Shaving
Restriking
Blank XY Orientation
Ram Direction
Number of Concurrent Parts
Die Shoe Dimensions and Spacing
Miscellaneous Setup Options
Primary Forming for Transfer Die
User Inputs for Transfer Die
Setup Options for Transfer Die
Evaluate Strip Nesting Layout: 1 Out
Evaluate Strip Nesting Layout: 2 Out, Non-Interlocking, Mirrored
Evaluate Strip Nesting Layout: 2 Out, Non-Interlocking, Rotated
Evaluate Strip Nesting Layout: 2 Out, Interlocking, Mirrored
Evaluate Strip Nesting Layout: 2 Out, Rotated, Interlocking
Interlocking and Non-interlocking Layouts
Blank XY Orientation within Part Strip
Number of Concurrent Parts in Transfer Press
Determine Transfer Pitch Based on:
Blank XY Orientation within the Transfer Press
Blank Pitch
Coil Width
Width of Addendum Added to Blank Size [per side]
Edge Margin Width
Part Spacing Width
Heat Treat of Die Components
Plating of Die Components
Base Tool Material
Stamp Assembly Qty
Number of 150, 300, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 Series Cam Units
Freight Cost
Total Carrying Cost
Total Gage Cost
Total Welding Cost
Maximum Strip Width
Minimum Strip Width
Blank Cutting Method
Enable SCORING Operations for Bends
Direct Trim Angle Threshold
Enable In Die TAPPING operations
Enable COINING Operations for SimpleHoles
Enable SHAVING Operations for SimpleHoles
High Strength Material Derate Percentage
Part Height Allowance
Minimum Part Height Plus Allowance
Post Height Multiplier
Enable Auto-Inclusion of IDLE Stations
Number of Shear Planes
Enable Scrap Material Credit
Enable Scrap Part Credit
Coating of Tooling
Tooling Material
Process Defaults and Thresholds for Transfer Die
15 Sheet Metal—Soft Tooled
Cost Model Overview
General Process
Part Geometry
Materials and Stock Forms
Machines
Tooling
GCD Extraction
Feasibility and Routing
Process-level Routing
Process-level Feasibility
Material Selection
Machine Selection
Machine Feasibility
Operation-level Feasibility and Routing
Chemical Milling
Chemical Milling GCDs
Chemical Milling Process Overview and Routing
Routing a Part to Chemical Milling
Assigning Chemical Milling to a Surface GCD
Cost Algorithms and Calculations
Material Cost and Utilization
Flattening
True-part Nesting and Very Small Parts
Formulas
Yields for Sheet Metal
Deslag
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Bend Brake
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Laser Cut, Oxy Fuel Cut, Plasma Cut
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Waterjet Cut
Cycle Time Calculations
Roll Bending (2-, 3-, and 4-roll)
Cycle Time Calculation (2-Roll Bending)
Cycle Time Calculation (3- and 4-Roll Bending)
3D Laser
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Cut-to-Length, Shear
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Turret Press, Laser Punch, Plasma Punch
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Expendable Tooling
User Inputs
Top-level Process Setup Options
Manufacturing Operation for Form Stamp GCDs
Enable Scrap Material Credit
Enable Scrap Part Credit
Common Inputs
Turret-Press-specific Inputs
Process-level Options
Operation-level Options
GCD-level Options
Waterjet-Cut-specific Inputs
A note about kerfs
Why do two similar holes return different cycle times?
Plasma-Cut-specific Inputs
Roll Bending Inputs
Conical Roll Bending Inputs
Process Defaults and Thresholds
Design-to-cost Configuration for Sheet Metal
Hole-to-bend Proximity Thresholds
Hole-to-blank Proximity Thresholds
Hole-to-form Proximity Thresholds
Hole-to-hole Proximity Thresholds
Bend Issue Threshold
16 Sheet Metal—Stretch Forming
Stretch Forming Overview
Stretch Forming Processes
Transverse and Longitudinal Stretch Forming
Stretch Forming Geometry
Stretch Forming Materials and Stock Forms
Stretch Forming Machines
Stretch Forming Tooling
GCD Extraction for Stretch Forming
Blank GCD
Xsection GCDs
Ram Direction GCD
Form GCDs
Routing for Stretch Forming
Process Feasibility for Stretch Forming
Stretch Form Process Feasibility
Xsection Curve Height for Stretch Forming
Machine Selection for Stretch Forming
Cold Storage Machine Selection
Stretch Form Machine Selection
Machine Feasibility for Stretch Forming
Required Pull Force for Stretch Forming
Bench Operation Machine Selection
Router Machine Selection
Material Stock Selection for Stretch Forming
Formulas for Stretch Forming
Yields for Stretch Forming
Material Cost and Utilization for Stretch Forming
Labor and Setup Costs for Stretch Forming
Cycle Time for the Stretch Form Process
Expendable Tooling Cost for the Stretch Form Process
Formulas for the Bench Operation Process
Formulas for the Cold Storage Process
Formulas for the Router Process
User Inputs for Stretch Forming
Setup Options for Sheet Metal – Stretch Forming
Enable Scrap Material Credit
Enable Scrap Part Credit
Setup Options for Stretch Forming Cycles
Number of Stretch Form Cycles
Inter Stretch Inspection Time
Lubricant Application Time
Tooling Cost
Number of Forming Block Tools Required
Counter Form Tooling Cost
Number of Counter Form Tools
Setup Option for Cold Storage
Cold Storage Time
Setup Options for Bench Operation
Final Inspection Time
Tooling Cost
Number of Tools Required
Setup Options for Router
Tooling Cost
Number of Tools Required
Process Defaults and Thresholds for Stretch Forming
17 Plastic Molding Process Group
Cost Model Overview
General Process for Plastic Molding
Subprocesses and Machine Types
Material Utilization
Additional Limitations
Part Geometry for Plastic Molding
Materials for Plastic Molding
Machines for Plastic Molding
Tooling for Plastic Molding
Costing Flow
GCD Extraction for Plastic Molding
How aPriori Selects Draw Direction fir Plastic Molding
Identifying Candidates
Rating Candidates
Undercut Weight
Undercut Alignment Weight
Parting Line Flatness Weight
Mold Box Weight
Axis Share Weight
Accessible Sheet Area Weight
Pin Hole Weight
Grill Weight
Rib Weight
Breaking Ties
Logging
How aPriori Assigns Holes and Voids to Slides and Lifters
Slide Bundling Criteria
Lifter Bundling Criteria
Further Bundling Criteria—Breaking Ties
Determining Action Size
Feasibility and Routing
Process-level Feasibility and Routing
Operation-level Feasibility and Routing
Material Feasibility and Selection
Additional SFM Feasibility Checks
Machine Feasibility and Selection
Cost Algorithms and Calculations
Primary Direct Costs for Plastic Molding
IM and RIM Primary Direct Costs
SFM Primary Direct Costs
Other Direct Costs for Plastic Molding
Material Utilization for Plastic Molding
IM Material Utilization
SFM Material Utilization
RIM Material Utilization
Times for Plastic Molding
General
IM and SFM Times
RIM Times
Nominal Wall Thickness
Required Shot Size
Required Clamp Force
Cavity Orientation
Dimensions of the Plastic Forming Region
Number and Layout of Mold Cavities
Most Cost-efficient Cavity Layout
Meets the Production Requirements
Runner System Model
Runner System Calculation Overview
Runner System Layout
Runner System Volume and Area
Other Calculations
Tooling Cost
Tool Life for Plastic Molding
Tooling-relevant Part GCDs
Mold Material Costs
Purchased Mold Component Costs
Tooling Labor Costs
CNC Machining Versus EDM Burning
Labor Costs for Mold Items Created with CNC Machining
Labor Costs for Mold Items Created with EDM Burning
Miscellaneous Tooling Costs
User Inputs for Plastic Molding
Process Defaults and Thresholds
Design-to-cost Configuration for Plastic Molding
Material Issues: Wall Thickness Thresholds
Draft Issues: Draft Angle Thresholds
Radius Issues: Minimum Internal and External Edge Radius
Proximity Issues: Hole Proximity Issues
Hole Issues: Length-to-diameter (L/D) Ratio
18 Powder Metal Process Group
Powder metal overview
Powder metal processes
Powder metal material
Powder metal material utilization
Powder metal machines
Powder metal process routings
Powder metal process setup options
Powder metal costing details
19 Rotational and Blow Molding Process Group
Rotational and blow molding overview
Rotational and blow molding processes
Rotational and blow molding material
Rotational and blow molding material composition
Rotational and blow molding material utilization
Rotational and blow molding machines
Rotational molding process setup
Number of drop boxes
Number of labels applied to one part
Cost per label applied to the part
Expected part shrinkage percentage
Mold length margin
Mold width margin
Mold height margin
Mold spacing margin
Total number of molds used
Colorant
Enable part mirroring
Blow molding process setup
Number of machine operators
Number of labels applied to one part
Cost per label applied to the part
Maximum wall thickness
Mold temperature
Rotational and blow molding costing details
20 Sheet Plastic Process Group
Sheet plastic overview
Sheet plastic routings
Sheet plastic processes
Material conversion processes
Thermoforming processes
Router process
Sheet plastic material
Sheet plastic material unit cost
Sheet plastic material composition
Sheet plastic material utilization
Sheet plastic machines
Sheet plastic costing details
21 Additive Manufacturing Process Group
Process Routing for Additive Manufacturing
Material Jetting Routing
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) Routing
Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) Routings
Stereolithography (SLA) Routing
Materials for Additive Manufacturing
Process Feasibility for Additive Manufacturing
Machine Selection for Additive Manufacturing
Machine Feasibility for Printing
Machine Feasibility for Laser Sintering
Machine Feasibility for Metal Sintering
Machine Feasibility for Resin Curing
Machine Feasibility for Part Curing
Additive Manufacturing Formulas
Accounting Formulas for Additive Manufacturing
Yield Formulas for Additive Manufacturing
Printing Formulas
Setup Formula for Printing
Cycle Time Formulas for Printing
Number of Parts for Printing
Material Cost Formulas for Printing
Additional Direct Costs—Support Structures for Printing
Laser Sintering Formulas
Setup Formula for Laser Sintering
Cycle Time Formulas for Laser Sintering
Support Structure GCDs and Laser Sintering
Number of Parts for Laser Sintering
Material Cost and Utilization for Laser Sintering
Additional Direct Costs for Laser Sintering
Metal Sintering Formulas
Labor and Setup Formulas for Metal Sintering
Cycle Time Formulas for Metal Sintering
Number of Parts for Metal Sintering
Material Cost Formulas for Metal Sintering
Additional Direct Costs for Metal Sintering
Support Structures for Metal Sintering
Resin Curing Formulas
Setup Formula for Resin Curing
Cycle Time Formulas for Resin Curing
Number of Parts for Resin Curing
Support Structures for Resin Curing
Material Cost and Utilization for Resin Curing
Additional Direct Costs for Resin Curing
Breakoff Formulas
Manual Tool Base Removal Formulas
Power Tool Base Removal Formulas
Cleaning Formulas
Part Curing Formulas
Cycle Time Formula
Elapsed Cure Time
Number of Parts for Part Curing
Additional Direct Costs for Part Curing
Sieving Formulas
Powder Loading Formulas
User Inputs for Additive Manufacturing
Using the Build Direction Tool to Orient the Part
Top-level Setup Option
Minimum Layer Thickness Check
Printing Setup Options
Layer Thickness
Nesting Allowance
Step Angle for True-Part Shape Nesting
Number of Parts per Build Plate
Print Head Travel Type
Number of Print Head Passes
Base Plate: Support Structures Height
Preprocessing Time
Load and Splice Time
Laser Sintering Options
Layer Thickness
Nesting Allowance
Step Angle for True-Part Shape Nesting
Number of Parts per Build Plate
Powder Height As A Percentage Of Build Chamber Height
Load and Splice Time
Base Powder Height
Prepare Build Chamber Time
Heat Build Chamber Time
Cool Build Chamber Time
Powder Recycle Percentage
Number of Powder Cycles
Metal Sintering Options
Layer Thickness
Nesting Allowance
Step Angle for True-Part Shape Nesting
Number of Parts per Build Plate
Base Plate: Support Structures Height
Recoating Layer Speed Over
Recoating Layer Speed Return
Fitting Build Plate Time
Load and Splice Time
Inert Gas Purge Time
Build Chamber Heat Time
Build Chamber Cool Time
Resin Curing Options
Layer Resolution
Layer Thickness
Nesting Allowance
Step Angle for True-Part Shape Nesting
Number of Parts per Build Plate
Base Plate: Support Structures Height
Preprocessing Time
Load and Splice Time
Part Curing Option
Number of Parts
Sieving Option
Sieving Time per Run
Powder Loading Option
Powder Loading Time
22 Heat Treatment Process Group
Heat Treatment Overview
Heat Treatment Processes
Heat Treatment Machines
Heat Treatment Process Routings
Heat Treatment Process Setup
Hot Isostatic Pressing
Process Routing and Feasibility for Hot Isostatic Pressing
Machine Selection for Hot Isostatic Pressing
Number of Parts for Hot Isostatic Pressing
Formulas for Hot Isostatic Pressing
Labor and Setup Costs for Hot Isostatic Pressing
Cycle Time Formulas for Hot Isostatic Pressing
Process Gas Cost for Hot Isostatic Pressing
Yield Formulas for Hot Isostatic Pressing
Setup Options for Hot Isostatic Pressing
Part Loading Method
Number of Parts
Vacuum Purge and Equalize Pressure
Pressurize Vessel Time
Heating Rate
Heating Time
Hold Pressure
Hold Time
Cool Rate
Cooling Time
Labor Handling Number of Operators
Gas Reuse Percentage
Heat Treatment Costing Details for Other Processes
23 Surface Treatment Process Group
Surface Treatment Cost Model Overview
Surface Treatment Feasibility and Routing
Surface Treatment Routing
Anodize Routing
Surface Treatment Feasibility
Shot Blast Feasibility
Shot Peen Feasibility
Powder Coat Cart Feasibility
Plating Process Feasibility
Degrease Feasibility
Passivation Feasibility
Bench Mask Feasibility
Anodize Feasibility
Vibratory Finishing Feasibility
Surface Treatment Machine Selection
Shot Peen Machine Selection
Manual Paint Machine Selection
Powder Coat Cart Machine Selection
Wet Coat Line Machine Selection
Degrease Machine Selection
Passivation Machine Selection
Mask Spray Machine Selection
Mask Bench Machine Selection
Anodize Machine Selection
Vibratory Finishing Machine Selection
Cost Algorithms and Calculations
Surface Treatment Accounting Calculations
Surface Treatment Yield Calculations
Bead Blast and Sand Blast Formulas
Shot Blast Formulas
Shot Blast Cycle Time Calculation
Shot Peen Formulas
Painting Formula
Passivation formulas
Powder Coat Cart Formulas
Powder Coat Cart Cycle Time Calculation
Powder Coat Cart Additional Direct Costs
Wet Coat Line Formulas
Wet Coat Line Cycle Time Calculation
Wet Coat Line Additional Direct Costs
Screen Printing Formulas
Plating Process Formulas
Degrease Formulas
Degrease Cycle Time Calculation
Degrease Additional Direct Costs
Mask Spray Formulas
Mask Bench Formulas
Anodize Formulas
Number of Parts per Load Window
Pre-treatment Formulas
Anodization Formulas
Post-treatment Formulas
Additional Direct Costs for Anodizing
Vibratory Finishing Formulas
Labor Cost and Labor Time for Vibratory Finishing
Cycle Time and Process Time for Vibratory Finishing
Media Material Type
Vibratory Finishing Batch Size
Expendable Tooling for Vibratory Finishing
Setup Time for Vibratory Finishing
User Inputs
Shot Peen Process Inputs
Percentage of Part/Assembly Surface Area to be Shot Peened
Material for Shot Peen Media
Cost of Media
Percentage of Media Recycled from 1 Part
Plating Processes Inputs
How will this part be plated?
Specify plating thickness
Degrease Inputs
Speed of conveyor
Number of parts that can fit across conveyor entrance
Brand of degreaser
Price of solvent
Solvent Dilution Ratio
Manual Paint Inputs
Name of Primer
Number of Primer Coats Required
Name of Paint
Number of Finish Coats Required
Rate of Hand Sanding
Rate of Hand Cleaning
Rate of Hand Spraying Primer
Rate of Hand Spraying Finish Coat
Finish Coat Coverage Factor
Number of Operators
Powder Coat Cart Inputs
Number of Components per Paint Cart
What Fraction of Component is Painted?
Number of Masked Features
Painted Batch Size
Screen Printing Inputs
Number of Colors Used on Screen Print
Length of Screen Print
Width of Screen Print
Complexity of Print
Wet Coat Line Inputs
Number of Components per Load Bar
Number of Masked Features
Painted Batch Size
What Fraction of Component is Painted?
Passivation Inputs
Passivation Treatment
Number of Components Per Passivation Tank
Mask Spray Inputs
Number of maskant layers applied
Programming Cost
Anodize Inputs
Enable Sealing Operation
Number of Components per Loadbar
Time to load all the parts on to the loadbar
Specify Anodize Coating Thickness
Current Applied for Anodizing Process
Clean Time for Anodizing per Loadbar
Etch Time for Anodizing per Loadbar
Deoxidize Time for Anodizing per Loadbar
Sealing Time for Anodizing per Loadbar
Drying Time for Anodizing per Loadbar
Vibratory Finishing Inputs
Volume ratio of Media to Parts Being Utilized
Abrasive Additive Utilized
Type of Media Used
Media Size
Fill Percentage of Container
Process Defaults and Thresholds
24 Other Secondary Processes Process group
Packaging Processes
Packaging overview
Packaging machines
Packaging process routings
Packaging process setup
Packaging costing details
Cleaning Process
Ultrasonic Cleaning
Machine Selection for Ultrasonic Cleaning
Process Time for Ultrasonic Cleaning
Setup Options for Ultrasonic Cleaning
Testing and Inspection Processes
CMM Inspection
Machine Selection for CMM Inspection
Formulas for CMM Inspection
Setup Options for CMM Inspection
CT Scan
Fluorescent Penetrant Testing
Hydrostatic Leak Testing
Magnetic Penetrant Testing
Xray Inspection Process
25 User Guided Costing
Overview
Benefits of User-guided Costing
User-guided VPEs and Processes
User-guided Costing Steps
Detailed Information on User-guided Cost Models
Creating or Opening a Virtual Part
Using Settings from a Start Part
Entering Production Information
Entering Geometric Information
Administering Start Parts
26 User Guided Injection Molding
Cost Model Overview
General Process
Subprocesses and Machine Types
Material Utilization
Additional Limitations
Part Geometry
Materials and Stock Forms
Machines
Tooling
Geometric User Inputs
Part Volume
Part Length, Width, and Height
Part Surface Area, Projected Area and Perimeter, and Wall Thickness
Undercut Depths
Number of Lifters, Inserts and Unscrewing Mechanism
Feasibility and Routing
Process-level Feasibility and Routing
Machine Feasibility and Selection
Cost Algorithms and Calculations
Primary Direct Costs
Other Direct Costs
Yields
Material Utilization
Times
Nominal Wall Thickness
Required Shot Size
Required Clamp Force
Number of Mold Cavities
Mold Dimensions
Mold Borders
Gaps between Cavities
Slide Lengths
Tooling Cost
Mold Material Costs
Purchased Mold Component Costs
Standard Mold Base Cost
Tooling Labor Costs
CNC Machining Versus EDM Burning
Labor Costs for Mold Items Created with CNC Machining
Labor Costs for Mold Items Created with EDM Burning
Miscellaneous Tooling Costs
Additional User Inputs
Process Defaults and Thresholds
27 User Guided Sheet Metal—Progressive Die
Cost Model Overview
General Process
Part Geometry
Materials
Machines
Tooling
Geometric Inputs
User Guided Costing Node
Part Volume
Sheet Metal PG Node
Thickness of Part
Length of the flat pattern’s Smallest Enclosing Rectangle
Width of the flat pattern’s Smallest Enclosing Rectangle
Length of the finished part’s Bounding Box
Width of the finished part’s Bounding Box
Height of the finished part’s Bounding Box
Part Surface Area
Progressive Die Routing Node
Perimeter of flat pattern blank
Number of Holes
Total Perimeter of Holes
Number of Bends
Total Length of Bends
Number of UP Bends
Number of DOWN Bends
Number of Forms
Total Perimeter of Forms
Total Depth of Forms
Number of UP Forms
Number of DOWN Forms
Progressive Die Node
Number of Plain Hole Groupings
Number of Flanged or Countersunk Holes
Number of UP Flanged or Countersunk Holes
Number of DOWN Flanged or Countersunk Holes
Number of Tapped Holes
Number of Bends that Intersect with a Hole
Number of Bends with Flap Length Over 75mm
Number of Bends that are Greater than 95 Degrees
Number of Forms with Depth Over 10mm
Number of Undercut Forms
Number of Deep Draw Forms
Depth of Deepest Deep Draw Form
Number of Non-IDLE Stations
Average Progressive Die Tooling Labor Hours per Station
Average Progressive Die Tooling Labor Rate
Average Progressive Die Tooling Material Mass per Station
Average Progressive Die Tooling Material Rate
Total Progressive Die Tooling Cost
Feasibility and Routing
Process-level Feasibility
Material Selection
Machine Selection
Die Length and Width
Die Height
Required Press Force
Cost Algorithms and Calculations
Material Cost and Utilization
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Tooling Calculation
Additional User Inputs
Trim Strip Applied to Length and Width of Part
Width of Addendum Added to Blank Size [per side]
Maximum Strip Width
Minimum Strip Width
Number of Parts Stamped Concurrently
Blank XY Orientation within Part Strip
Pierce Before or After Forms
Press Carrier Strip Type
Single Edge Carrier Strip Width
Double Edge Carrier Strip Width
Pitch Margin Adder for Center Carrier Strip Type
Press French Stop
Coil Pitch
Coil Width
Process Defaults and Thresholds
28 User Guided Sheet Metal—Stage Tooling
Cost Model Overview
General Process
Part Geometry
Materials
Machines
Tooling
Geometric Inputs
User Guided Node
Part Volume
Sheet Metal PG Node
Thickness of Part
Length of the flat pattern’s Smallest Enclosing Rectangle
Width of the flat pattern’s Smallest Enclosing Rectangle
Length of the finished part’s Bounding Box
Width of the finished part’s Bounding Box
Height of the finished part’s Bounding Box
Surface Area of Part
Stage Tooling Routing Node
Perimeter of the flat pattern blank
Number of Holes
Total Perimeter of Holes
Number of Bends
Total Length of Bends
Number of UP Bends
Number of DOWN Bends
Number of Forms
Total Perimeter of Forms
Total Depth of Forms
Number of UP Forms
Number of DOWN Forms
Stage Tooling Node
Number of Stages
Average Toolshop Labor Hours per Stage
Average Toolshop Labor Rate
Average Mass of Material per Stage
Average Material Rate of Mold Materials
Total Stage Tooling Tool Cost
Number of Flanged or Countersunk Holes
Number of UP Flanged or Countersunk Holes
Number of DOWN Flanged or Countersunk Holes
Number of Tapped Holes
Number of Bends that are Greater than 95 Degrees
Feasibility and Routing
Process-level Feasibility
Material Selection
Machine Selection
Stock Length and Width
Required Press Force
Cost Algorithms and Calculations
Material Cost and Utilization
Accounting Calculations
Cycle Time Calculation
Tooling Calculation
Additional User Inputs
Width of Addendum Added to Blank Size [per side]
Stock Length Margin
Stock Width Margin
Process Defaults and Thresholds
29 User Guided Sheet Metal—Turret Press
Cost Model Overview
General Process
Part Geometry
Materials
Machines
Tooling
Geometric Inputs
User Guided Costing Node
Part Volume
Sheet Metal PG Node
Thickness of Part
Length of the flat pattern’s Smallest Enclosing Rectangle
Width of the flat pattern’s Smallest Enclosing Rectangle
Length of the finished part’s Bounding Box
Width of the finished part’s Bounding Box
Height of the finished part’s Bounding Box
Surface Area of the Part
Turret Press Routing Node
Stock Sheet Length
Stock Sheet Width
Part Spacing for Rectangular Nesting
Number of Bends
Number of Hemmed Bends
Turret Press Node
Straight Edge Length
Number of Small Rounded Sections
Unique Radii in Number of Small Rounded Sections
Number of Large Rounded Sections
Average Radius of Large Rounded Sections
Number of Small Round Holes
Unique Radii in Number of Small Round Holes
Number of Large Round Holes
Average Diameter of Large Round Holes
Number of Small Complex Holes
Unique Shapes in Number of Small Complex Holes
Number of Large Complex Holes
Average Perimeter of Large Complex Holes
Number of Holes Made with Cluster Punches
Number of Unique Cluster Punches
Average Number of Pins per Cluster Punch Tool
Number of Forms
Number of Unique Forms
Number of Flanged Holes
Number of Uniquely Shaped Flanged Holes
Number of Countersunk Holes
Unique Sizes in Number of Countersunk Holes
Number of Tapped Holes
Unique Sizes in Number of Tapped Holes
Bend Brake Node
Maximum Bend Length
Maximum Bend Radius
Minimum Bend Radius
Summary Table
Feasibility and Routing
Process-level Feasibility
Bend Brake Feasibility
Material Selection
Machine Selection
Turret Press Machine Selection
Bend Brake Machine Selection
Cost Algorithms and Calculations
Yields
Turret Press Material Cost and Utilization
Turret Press Accounting Calculations
Bend Brake Accounting Calculations
Turret Press Cycle Time Calculation
Turret Press Expendable Tooling Costs
Bend Brake Cycle Time Calculation
Process Defaults and Thresholds
30 Wire Harness Process Group
Cost Model Overview
General Process
Component Types
Routings
Cost Driver Extraction
To import and cost a new wire harness
To validate your initial costing
Cost Algorithms and Calculations
Material Cost Calculations
Cutting and Stripping (User Guided)
Cutting
Stripping
Wire Termination
Wire Marking
Crimping
Soldering
Tinning
Heat Shrinking
Connector Assembly
Splice
Ultrasonic Weld
Butt Splice
Insulation Displacement Splice
Harness Layout
Formboard Setup/Test
Wire Layout
Branch Layout
Twist
Branch Covering
Braid
Label
Heat Shrink Label
Wrap-Around Label
Test
Pull Test
Continuity Test
Hipot Test
User Inputs
Process Defaults and Thresholds
Process Limitations:
31 PCBA Process Group
PCBA Cost Model Overview
PCB Costing Workflow
General Process
Routings
Modifying and Importing Your PCBA BOM
Cost Algorithms and Calculations
How to Cost a PCBA
PCBA Processes – User Guided
PCBA Processes -- Assembly
Adhesive Dispense
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Adhesive Dispense
User Inputs – PCBA Adhesive Dispense
Adhesive Staking
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Adhesive Staking
User Inputs – PCBA Adhesive Staking
Adhesive Underfill
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Adhesive Underfill
User Inputs –- PCBA Adhesive Underfill
Automated Optical Inspection
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Automated Optical Inspection
User Inputs –- PCBA Automated Optical Inspection
Automated Xray Inspection
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Automated Xray Inspection
User Inputs –- PCBA Automated Xray Inspection
Bake In Test
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Bake In Test
User Inputs –- PCBA Bake In Test
Bake Out
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Bake Out
User Inputs –- PCBA Bake Out
Batch Wash
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Batch Wash
User Inputs –- PCBA Batch Wash
Boundary Scan
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Boundary Scan
User Inputs –- PCBA Boundary Scan
Component Prep Automated
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Component Prep Automated
User Inputs –- PCBA Component Prep Automated
Component Prep Manual
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Prep Manual
User Inputs –- PCBA Prep Manual
Component Software Load
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Component Software Load
User Inputs –- PCBA Component Software Load
Conformal Coat
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Conformal Coat
User Inputs –- PCBA Conformal Coat
Conformance Certification
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Conformance Certification
User Inputs –- PCBA Conformance Certification
Depanelization
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Depanelization
User Inputs –- PCBA Depanelization
Environmental Test
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Environmental Test
User Inputs –- PCBA Environmental Test
Final Assembly
Major Cost Drivers – Final Assembly
User Inputs –- Final Assembly
Final Assembly Component Setup
Flying Probe Validation
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Flying Probe Validation
User Inputs –- PCBA Flying Probe Validation
Functional Test
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Functional Test
User Inputs –- PCBA Functional Test
Hand Wash
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Hand Wash
User Inputs –- PCBA Hand Wash
Heat Sink Install
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Heat Sink Install
User Inputs –- PCBA Heat Sink Install
HiPot Test
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA HiPot Test
User Inputs –- PCBA HiPot Test
InCircuit Test
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA InCircuit Test
User Inputs –- PCBA InCircuit Test
Inline Wash
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Inline Wash
User Inputs –- PCBA Inline Wash
Ion Chromatography
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Ion Chromatography
User Inputs –- PCBA Ion Chromatography
Jumper Wire Install
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Jumper Wire Install
User Inputs –- PCBA Jumper Wire Install
Label
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Label
User Inputs –- PCBA Label
Light Up Test
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Light Up Test
User Inputs –- PCBA Light Up Test
PCB Flip
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Flip
User Inputs –- PCBA Flip
PCB Load
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA PCB Load
User Inputs –- PCBA PCB Load
PEMS
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA PEMS
User Inputs –- PCBA PEMS
Potting
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Potting
User Inputs –- PCBA Potting
PTH Auto Insert
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA PTH Auto Insert
User Inputs –- PCBA PTH Auto Insert
PTH Component Setup
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA PTH Component Setup
User Inputs –- PCBA PTH Component Setup
PTH Hand Install
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA PTH Hand Install
User Inputs –- PCBA PTH Hand Install
PTH Hand Solder
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA PTH Hand Solder
User Inputs –- PCBA PTH Hand Solder
Reflow
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Reflow
User Inputs –- PCBA Reflow
RF Test
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA RF Test
User Inputs –- PCBA RF Test
Screen Printing
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Screen Printing
User Inputs –- PCBA Screen Printing
Selective Solder
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Selective Solder
User Inputs –- PCBA Selective Solder
Shunt Assembly
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Shunt Assembly
User Inputs –- PCBA Shunt Assembly
SMT Auto Placement
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA SMT Auto Placement
User Inputs –- PCBA SMT Auto Placement
SMT Component Setup
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA SMT Component Setup
User Inputs –- PCBA SMT Component Setup
SMT Hand Placement
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA SMT Hand Placement
User Inputs –- PCBA SMT Hand Placement
SMT Hand Solder
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA SMT Hand Solder
User Inputs –- PCBA SMT Hand Solder
SMT Visual Inspection
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA SMT Visual Inspection
User Inputs –- PCBA SMT Visual Inspection
Software Load
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Software Load
User Inputs –- PCBA Component Software Load
Solder Jetting
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Solder Jetting
User Inputs –- PCBA Solder Jetting
Solder Paste Inspection
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Solder Paste Inspection
User Inputs –- PCBA Solder Paste Inspection
Stencil
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Stencil
User Inputs –- PCBA Stencil
Visual Inspection
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Visual Inspection
User Inputs –- PCBA Visual Inspection
Wave Solder
Major Cost Drivers -- PCBA Wave Solder
User Inputs –- PCBA Wave Solder
Process Defaults and Thresholds
aPriori Cost Model Guide
Process Defaults and Thresholds