Overhead Formula Reference
Below are the formulas (listed alphabetically by formula name) that aPirori uses for all process groups to calculate direct and indirect overhead rates. For overhead cost per part see Overhead Costs per Part. Note that the user can override formula values—see Displaying and Overriding Overhead Values.
This section covers the following formulas:
Annual Depreciation = (Total Cost of Machine - Salvage Value) / Machine Life
Annual depreciation depends on the following:
Total cost of machine (see formula)
Salvage value (see formula)
Machine life (specified by the machine property Machine Life).
Annual Earned Machine Hours = Work Center Capacity * Machine Uptime Percent
Annual earned machine hours is the product of the following:
Work center capacity (see formula)
Machine uptime percent (specified by the machine property Machine Uptime Percent)
Annual Energy Usage = Power * Annual Earned Machine Hours
Annual energy usage is the product of the following:
Power (specified by the machine property Machine Power)
Annual earned machine hours (see formula)
This value contributes to Energy to Run Machine and Annual Direct Overhead.
Annual Maintenance = Machine Price * Annual Maintenance Percent * Purchasing Power
Annual maintenance is the product of the following:
Machine price (specified by the machine property Machine Price)
Annual maintenance percent (specified by the machine property Annual Maintenance Percent)
Purchasing power (specified by the VPE variable Purchasing Power Index)
Annual Rent = Work Center Footprint * (1 + Nonproduction Footprint Factor) * Annual Cost Per Square Foot
Annual rent depends on the following:
Work center footprint (see formula)
Nonproduction footprint factor, which accounts for non-production space such as hallways and front offices (specified by the VPE variable Non Production Footprint Factor; 0.3 in aPriori starting point VPEs)
Annual cost per square foot (specified by the VPE variable Rent Rate)
This value contributes to Facilities Cost and Annual Indirect Overhead.
Direct Overhead Cost = Annual Depreciation + Annual Maintenance +
Energy to Run Machine + Annual Supplies + Imputed Interest
Direct overhead cost is the sum of the following:
Annual depreciation (see formula)
Annual maintenance (see formula)
Energy to run machine (see formula)
Annual supplies (specified by the machine property Annual Supplies)
Imputed interest (see formula)
By default, facilities cost (see formula) is not included in direct overhead cost, but VPE administrators can override the default and specify that such costs are to be counted as part of direct overhead—see Facilities Cost.
Direct Overhead Rate = Direct Overhead Cost / Annual Earned Machine Hours
Direct overhead rate depends on the following:
Direct overhead cost (see formula)
Annual earned machine hours (see formula)
If the VPE variable Use Computed Overhead Rate is false, this formula is not used; instead, direct overhead rate is taken directly from the machine property Direct Overhead Rate.
See also Overhead Rates.
Energy to Run Machine = Annual Energy Usage * Electricity Or Gas Rate
Energy to run machine is the product of the following:
Annual energy usage (see formula)
Electricity or gas rate (depending on the machine in use—specified by the VPE variable Electricity Rate or Gas Rate)
Engineering Support Cost = Engineering Support Hourly Rate * Engineering Support Allocation *
Work Center Capacity
Engineering support cost is the product of the following:
Engineering support hourly rate (specified by the VPE variable Engineering Support Hourly Rate)
Engineering support allocation (specified by the VPE variable Engineering Support Allocation)
Work center capacity (see formula)
This value contributes to Support Services Cost and Annual Indirect Overhead.
Facilities Cost = Annual Rent + Insurance + Utilities
By default, facilities cost is included in indirect overhead rather than direct overhead. VPE administrators can override the default by setting the VPE variable Add Facility Cost to Direct Overhead to true. Facilities cost is the sum of the following:
Annual Rent (see formula)
Insurance (see formula)
Utilities (see formula)
Imputed Interest = ((Total Cost Of Machine + Salvage Value) / 2) * Imputed Interest Rate
Imputed interest is the average value of the machine over time, which is assumed to be midway between the initial value and the salvage value. It depends on the following:
Total cost of machine (see formula)
Salvage value (see formula)
Imputed interest rate (specified by the VPE variable Imputed Interest Rate; 0 in aPriori starting point VPEs)
Indirect Overhead Cost = Support Services Cost + Indirect Overhead Facilities Cost
Indirect overhead cost is the product of the following:
Support services cost (see formula)
Indirect overhead facilities cost (see formula)
Indirect Overhead Rate = Indirect Overhead Cost / Annual Earned Machine Hours
Indirect overhead rate depends on the following:
Indirect overhead cost (see formula)
Annual earned machine hours (see formula)
If the VPE variable Use Computed Overhead Rate is false, this formula is not used; instead, indirect overhead rate is taken directly from the machine property Workcenter Indirect Overhead Rate.
See also Overhead Rates.
Installation Cost = Machine Price * Installation Cost Percent
Installation cost is the product of the following:
Machine price (specified by the machine property Machine Price)
Installation cost percent (specified by the machine property Installation Cost Percent)
Insurance = Annual Rent * (Fire Factor + Loss Factor + Liability Factor)
Insurance cost depends on the following:
Annual Rent (see formula)
Fire Factor (specified by the VPE variable Fire Insurance Factor; 0.001 in aPriori starting point VPEs)
Loss Factor (specified by the VPE variable Loss Insurance Factor; 0.1 in aPriori starting point VPEs)
Liability Factor (specified by the VPE variable Liability Insurance Factor; 0.1 in aPriori starting point VPEs)
This value contributes to Facilities Cost and Annual Indirect Overhead.
Maintenance Support Cost = Maintenance Support Hourly Rate * Support Allocation *
Work Center Footprint * (1 + Nonproduction Footprint Factor) * Annual Earned Machine Hours
Maintenance support cost depends on the following:
Maintenance support hourly rate (specified by the VPE variable Maintenance Support Hourly Rate)
Support allocation (reciprocal of the VPE variable Maintenance Worker Coverage)
Work center footprint (see formula)
Nonproduction footprint factor, which accounts for non-production space such as hallways and front offices (specified by the VPE variable Non Production Footprint Factor; 0.3 in aPriori starting point VPEs)
Annual earned machine hours (see formula)
This value contributes to Support Services Cost and Annual Indirect Overhead.
Purchasing Support Cost = Purchasing Support Hourly Rate * Purchasing Support Allocation *
Work Center Capacity
Purchasing support cost is the product of the following:
Purchasing support hourly rate (specified by the VPE variable Purchasing Support Hourly Rate)
Purchasing support allocation (specified by the VPE variable Purchasing Support Allocation)
Work center capcity (see formula)
This value contributes to Support Services Cost and Annual Indirect Overhead.
Quality Support Cost = Quality Support Hourly Rate * Quality Support Allocation *
Work Center Capacity
Quality support cost is the product of the following:
Quality support hourly rate (specified by the VPE variable Quality Support Hourly Rate)
Quality support allocation (specified by the VPE variable Quality Support Allocation)
Work center capcity (see formula)
This value contributes to Support Services Cost and Annual Indirect Overhead.
Salvage Value = Machine Price * Salvage Value Percent
Salvage value is the product of the following:
Machine price (specified by the machine property Machine Price)
Salvage value percent (specified by the machine property Salvage Value Percent)
This value contributes to Annual Depreciation and Annual Direct Overhead.
Support Services Cost = Quality Support Cost + Maintenance Support Cost +
Purchasing Support Cost + Engineering Support Cost + Tool Crib Support Cost
Support services cost is the sum of the following:
Quality support cost (see formula)
Maintenance support cost (see formula)
Purchasing support cost (see formula)
Engineering support cost (see formula)
Tool crib support cost (see formula)
This value contributes to Annual Indirect Overhead.
Tool Crib Support Cost = Tool Crib Support Hourly Rate * Tool Crib Support Allocation * Work Center Capacity
Tool crib support cost is the product of the following:
Tool crib support hourly rate (specified by the VPE variable Tool Crib Support Hourly Rate)
Tool crib support allocation (specified by the VPE variable Tool Crib Support Allocation)
Work center capcity (see formula)
This value contributes to Support Services Cost and Annual Indirect Overhead.
Total Cost of Machine = Machine Price + Installation Cost
Total cost of machine is the sum of the following:
Machine price (specified by the machine property Machine Price)
Installation cost (see formula)
Utilities = Annual Rent * (Electric Factor + Heat/Gas Factor + Water Factor)
Utilities cost depends on the following:
Annual Rent (see formula)
Electric Factor (specified by the VPE variable Facility Electricity Factor; 0.01 in aPriori starting point VPEs)
Heat/Gas Factor (specified by the VPE variable Facility Heat and Gas Factor; 0.1 in aPriori starting point VPEs)
Water Factor (specified by the VPE variable Facility Water Factor; 0.01 in aPriori starting point VPEs)
This value contributes to Facilities Cost and Annual Indirect Overhead.
Work Center Capacity = Hours Per Shift * Number Of Shifts * Working Days Per Year
Work center capacity is the product of the following:
Hours per shift (specified by the VPE variable Hours Per Shift)
Number of shifts (specified by the VPE variable Number Of Shifts)
Working days per year (specified by the VPE variable Working Days Per Year)
This value contributes to Annual Earned Machine Hours and Support Services Cost.
Work Center Footprint = Machine Length * Machine Width * Allowance Factor
Work center footprint includes the machine footprint plus extra area around the machine, for example, for safety, gas lines, and so forth. It is the product of the following:
Machine length (specified by the machine property Machine Length)
Machine width (specified by the machine property Machine Width)
Allowance factor (specified by the machine property Allowance Factor For Machine Footprint)
This value contributes to Facilities Cost and Annual Indirect Overhead.