Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies mirror human intellectual processes via a computer, software, or computer-controlled robot. One example is simulating problem-solving capabilities such as critical thinking.

A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted either directly or indirectly (e.g., energy consumption, manufacturing, waste production, transportation) by an individual, organization, product, or activity.

Cloud computing delivers software applications and computing services from the internet (“the cloud”). Users access cloud-based services from a web browser to create, manage, and store files and other data securely.

A digital factory is a virtual representation of a physical manufacturing facility that incorporates all aspects of production – including raw materials, machinery, production processes, labor, and manufacturing overhead. Digital factories enable manufacturers to simulate, analyze, and optimize new product designs for cost, sustainability, and design for manufacturing (DFM).

The digital thread is a cornerstone of digital transformation because it connects data and teams across multiple digital twins and other product design and manufacturing systems that are traditionally not connected.

Digital transformation is a strategic initiative that incorporates digital technologies across all areas of an organization. In manufacturing, it involves converting manual manufacturing operations into digital formats.

A digital twin is a virtual representation (i.e., digital version) of a physical asset or process used to analyze and optimize product designs, manufacturing processes, factory efficiency, and other operations.

Embodied carbon is the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) generated during product design and production – including material extraction, product design attributes, production process, and the energy mix used to power production (e.g., the percentage of energy generated from coal, vs. renewable sources).

Manufacturing analytics refers to the use of data analysis tools and techniques, such as machine learning and predictive and statistical analysis, to improve and optimize manufacturing processes and lower costs. Data is derived from Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems as well as human input to generate and provide actionable insights that improve decision-making.

The manufacturing process provides a step-by-step blueprint to develop finished components, assemblies, or products. The discrete manufacturing process includes a bill of materials (BOM), along with the steps and requirements for production.

Manufacturing process models determine the most effective way to manufacture a product by simulating discrete manufacturing processes and routings based on criteria including materials and volume, and product goals including cost, sustainability, and manufacturability.

Manufacturing technology is the application of advanced scientific, industrial, and engineering tools and processes to improve operational efficiencies and quality. Examples include automation, simulation, and data analytics.

Product cost management software helps manufacturing companies accurately estimate and optimize the costs of producing new and existing products. It enhances cost efficiency throughout the product life cycle, streamlining development and improving time-to-market outcomes.

Product sustainability aims to minimize a product’s environmental and societal impacts through its design, sourcing, production, and lifecycle. Approximately 80% of a product’s carbon footprint is determined in the early design stages.

Product manufacturers use should cost analysis to calculate the “true” cost of a product or component. This is done by considering the most efficient methods, materials, product designs (DFM), and current costs for materials, manufacturing rates, and other cost drivers.

Simulation software replicates physical attributes in a virtual environment. It is based on real-world modeling using mathematical formulas. Through simulation, users can analyze designs and processes without physically creating or performing them first.

Supplier relationship management (SRM) is the process of maintaining a resilient supply chain by enlisting qualified vendors to help improve profitability, sustainability, performance, availability, and innovation.

Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of turning raw materials into finished products and delivering them to customers. SCM responsibilities span from sourcing materials and managing production to transportation and logistics.

Sustainable manufacturing is the process of designing and producing products using materials and processes to minimize negative environmental impact. This approach considers environmental and economic factors throughout the product’s life cycle, from design and production to disposal and reuse.